钢筋砼连续梁使用阶段内力计算研究探讨

对钢筋砼连续梁的设计方法及存在的问题进行了总结和探讨,指出了目前连续梁设计中存在问题,提出了对连续梁使用阶段内力计算方法改进的建议.     

Magnetothermoelastic creep analysis of functionally graded cylinders

This paper describes time-dependent creep stress redistribution analysis of a thick-walled FGM cylinder placed in uniform magnetic and temperature fields and subjected to an internal pressure. The material creep, magnetic and mechanical properties through the radial graded direction are assumed to obey the simple power law variation. Total strains are assumed to be the sum of elastic, thermal and creep strains. Creep strains are time, temperature and stress dependent. Using equations of equilibrium, stress–strain and strain–displacement a differential equation, containing creep strains, for displacement is obtained. Ignoring creep strains in this differential equation a closed form solution for the displacement and initial magnetothermoelastic stresses at zero time is presented. Initial magnetothermoelastic stresses are illustrated for different material properties. Using Prandtl–Reuss relation in conjunction with the above differential equation and the Norton’s law for the material uniaxial creep constitutive model, the radial displacement rate is obtained and then the radial and circumferential creep stress rates are calculated. Creep stress rates are plotted against dimensionless radius for different material properties. Using creep stress rates, stress redistributions are calculated iteratively using magnetothermoelastic stresses as initial values for stress redistributions. It has been found that radial stress redistributions are not significant for different material properties, however major redistributions occur for circumferential and effective stresses.     

板坯连铸中心偏析的模拟研究

在对溶质再分配机制进行热力学分析的基础上,建立了描述板坯中心偏析的模型--“溶质析出量”模型,并对模拟结果进行了分析。结果表明：溶质再分配过程中溶质析出的根本原因是存在化学位梯度;对于Q235B钢种,中心线处碳溶质浓度在凝固末端出现突增,最大值0.76%,拉速从1.2 m/min变化至1.6 m/min时,最大偏析度从5.057增加到5.103。     

内陆干旱平原区水土资源开发与盐分再分布的关系

以新疆阜康市和哈密市典型水土开发区为例,利用典型剖面分层土壤含盐量及地下水水质的测试结果,分析开垦初期有水平排水和无水平排水条件下土壤及地下水中盐分再分布特征。结果表明:开垦初期的水平排水排盐过程,可以将垦区土壤历史时期积累的大量盐分排出农田,作物耕作层下部和地下水含盐量较低;而开垦初期未经历水平排水排盐过程,直接采用竖井灌排的垦区,历史时期积累在表层的盐分随地下水位下降而积累于作物耕作层以下和地下水中。     

基于组合单元的混凝土结构徐变分析方法

对混凝土徐变的研究现状和数值计算方法做出评价,提出了混凝土结构徐变计算的空间有限元分析方法。以组合单元为基础,建立混凝土徐变的三维计算模型:将结构的变形、内力状态、结构形式及约束情况均沿时间轴进行划分,再根据结构在每个时间点上各参数的变化值,推导出了混凝土徐变计算的递推公式;又基于虚功原理建立混凝土徐变刚度矩阵,绕过应力与应变,直接通过位移增量计算自由徐变应变增量的等效荷载,提高了徐变数值计算精度;组合单元是对原有实体等参元的继承和拓展,能够分别考虑钢筋和混凝土各自对单元刚度矩阵的贡献,而两者又通过自由度变换的方法有机的结合在一起,构成一种可专门用于模拟钢筋混凝土结构的单元形式。实例分析结果表明:用组合单元做混凝土徐变分析,能够计入钢筋对徐变的阻碍作用,解决在钢筋和混凝土之间的应力重分布问题,更准确的计算出结构变形和内力变化。     

钢纤维对玄武岩纤维编织网增强混凝土板双向弯曲性能的影响

为了研究钢纤维对玄武岩纤维网格布增强混凝土方板双向受弯性能的影响,借鉴欧洲EFNARC标准,利用四边简支方板试验,分别对素混凝土方板、玄武岩纤维网格布增强混凝土方板、钢纤维增强混凝土方板及钢纤维与玄武岩纤维网格布混杂增强混凝土方板的弯曲性能进行研究,同时与传统钢筋网混凝土方板的弯曲性能进行对比,分析了网格布对混凝土方板的双向增强效果,探讨了钢纤维与玄武岩纤维网格布混杂使用代替传统钢筋网的可行性。结果表明:玄武岩纤维网格布可以改善方板的内力重分布,显著提高其承载力,但是破坏时脆性特征明显;钢纤维与玄武岩纤维网格布混杂使用表现出显著的正混杂效应,方板的韧性明显提高;在正常使用极限状态下,30 kg/m3的钢纤维与玄武岩纤维网格布混杂方板的弯曲性能高于传统钢筋网混凝土方板,说明钢纤维与玄武岩纤维编织网混杂使用可以代替传统钢筋网。      

降雨强度对土壤水再分布的影响

为了研究降雨强度对降雨入渗土壤后的水量分布规律,对不同降雨强度下坡耕地0～100 cm土壤含水量消退过程进行了分析。结果表明:降雨入渗后表层土壤含水量急剧增加,土层越深,变化幅度越小;随着停渗时间的延长,上层土壤含水量明显减小,下层土壤含水量稳定增加;降雨强度越大,转化成土壤水的水量越多,停渗后表层水分损失就较少;土壤水变化幅度越小,土壤水消耗过程越短,土壤水再分布影响的土层越深。     

无粘结CFRP筋部分预应力混凝土连续梁试验与分析

制备了9根两跨无粘结CFRP筋部分预应力混凝土连续梁,并完成了每跨三分点加载试验。考察了在加载过程中的开裂、中支座控制截面非预应力筋屈服、跨中控制截面非预应力筋屈服、极限破坏状态等阶段的受力特征,获得了无粘结CFRP筋在设计用承载能力极限状态和真实承载能力极限状态下的应力增长规律,基于试验结果提出了在这两个状态下的中支座两侧等效塑性铰长度计算公式,提出了分别以中支座控制截面综合配筋指标为自变量和以中支座控制截面相对塑性转角为自变量的弯矩调幅的计算公式。      

固载AlCl3催化甲基三氯硅烷/三甲基氯硅烷再分配反应实验研究

针对有机硅单体二甲基二氯硅烷生产中的副产物-甲基三氯硅烷(一甲)和三甲基氯硅烷(三甲),采用固载AlCl3催化剂,在800 mm×φ20 mm(内径)的固定床反应器中进行一甲和三甲的再分配反应,制得二甲基二氯硅烷.通过催化剂筛选试验,结果表明以活性炭为载体的固载AlCl3催化剂为佳.通过工艺条件实验,确定了在活性炭固载AlCl3催化剂上一甲和三甲再分配反应的适宜工艺条件为反应物摩尔比为1.0,液时空速LHSV为0.66 mL/(h·g-cat),反应温度为320℃,得到二甲收率70%左右.该催化剂还表现出一定的催化稳定性.     

Boosting Redox Kinetics of Sulfur Electrochemistry by Manipulating Interfacial Charge Redistribution and Multiple Spatial Confinement in Mott–Schottky Electrocatalysts

The serious shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics intrinsically handicap the practical application of Li-S batteries. Herein, a unique 3D hierarchically porous Mott–Schottky electrocatalyst composed of W₂C quantum dots (QD) spatially confined in nitrogen-doped graphene microspheres (NGM) is proposed for regulating the kinetics of sulfur electrochemistry. Experimental and theoretical results disclose a spontaneous charge rearrangement and induce built-in electric field across the W₂C QD/NGM heterojunction interface, contributing to reduced energy barrier for both polysulfides reduction and Li₂S oxidation during entitle discharge/charge processes. Furthermore, the ultrasmall W₂C QD with high electrocatalytic activity and superior conductivity can promote the conversion of S species, while the hierarchically porous microspheres assembled from wrinkled graphene nanosheets not only can efficiently inhibit the polysulfides shuttling via multiple spatial confinement, but also provide abundant inner space for stable reservation of active S, highly conductive networks, and maintain the structural integrity of cathode during consecutive cycling. Consequently, Li-S batteries employed with the designed W₂C QD/NGM-based cathode exhibit outstanding electrochemical properties even at a high sulfur loading. The superior performance combined with the simplicity of the synthesis process represents a promising strategy for the rational design of advanced electrocatalyst for energy applications.